Continuous Integration

Continuous Integration 

Continuous Integration (CI) is the process of automating the build and testing of code every time a team member commits changes to version control. ... CI emerged as a best practice because software developers often work in isolation, and then they need to integrate their changes with the rest of the team's code base.

CI is devops software development practice where developers regularly merge their code changes in central repository after which automated builds and tests are run.

 

Advantage of CI
improve quality
early bug finding
reduce time to validate n release app updates
fast feedback on changes

 

Tools used for CI

TFS, Jenkin, Azure

 

Team Foundation Server aka TFS is a Microsoft product which is serves as a SCM tool like Git. It also has features like reporting, project management, automated builds, testing and release management capabilities. It covers entire lifecycle, and enables DevOps capabilities. TFS can be used with numerous IDE including Visual Studio and Eclipse on all platforms.

It also provides the features of implementing both CI and CD. It has the feature of Build Management which includes build process management and automating build triggering. It supports good number of automated build triggers such as scheduled build, Continuous Integration trigger, trigger, etc

Bamboo

Bamboo is a continuous integration (CI) server that can be used to automate the release management for a software application, creating a continuous delivery pipeline.

Jenkins 
Jenkins is an open source automation tool written in Java with plugins built for Continuous Integration purpose. Jenkins is used to build and test your software projects continuously making it easier for developers to integrate changes to the project, and making it easier for users to obtain a fresh build

Team City

TeamCity is a Java-based build management and continuous integration server from JetBrains. It was first released on October 2, 2006.TeamCity is commercial software and licensed under a proprietary license. A Freemium license for up to 100 build configurations and 3 free Build Agent licenses is available.

Difference between Jenkins and TeamCity

Both Jenkins and TeamCity are continuous integration tools that serve many of the same purposes. Jenkins is an open source tool, while TeamCity is a proprietary offering from JetBrains.

The big difference between Bamboo vs Jenkins is that Jenkins is Open Source – it's free. Integration with JIRA and Bitbucket is limited. ... There are only 100 Bamboo plug-ins in the Atlassian environment compared to Jenkins which has over 1000.

note:  All references taken from google.  

Absolute & Relative Path

Difference between Absolute Path & Relative Path

Absolute path: means we need to give full path detail. Example, executefile “D:\test\abc.txt”

Relative path: means we need to give only name. Structure of the path is hidden or maintained in script or tool. Example- executefile “abc.txt”.

Path is maintained in tool – Tools>option>Folder tab.

Path is maintained in script-

Driver=”d:\”

Project path=Driver&”\”&”project”

Lib path=project path& “\” &”lib”

About ByVal & ByRef

About ByVal & ByRef

• If argument is variable, array or array element, vb script use ByRef method.
• If argument is expression then vbscript use ByVal method
• By default, argument passed to function and subroutine by reference, that is the address of the argument is provided to the function or subroutine.

Example- By Ref
function fun1(ByRef a)
a=a+1
end function
dim x
x=3
call fun1(x)
msgbox x
- output will be 4

Example - ByVal
function fun1(ByVal a)
a=a+1
end function
dim x
x=3
call fun1(x)
msgbox x
-output will be 3

Difference between Array and Dictionary Object in QTP

Difference between Array and Dictionary Object

1. Dictionary cannot be multidimension, while an array can be multidimension
2. Dictionary has extra methods to add new item and check for existing item (Add, Item)
3. when you delete particular item from dictionary, all subsequent item automatically shift up.

Difference between DBMS/RDBMS and Access/SQL server

DBMS/RDBMS

1. RDBMS= DBMS + referencial integrity- RDBMS follows 12 rules of CODD
2. In DBMS relation is between two files, while in RDBMS relation is between 2 tables.
3. DBMS doesnt support client server architecture , while RDBMS supports
4. DBMS doesnt follow Normalization, while RDBMS follows
5. DBMS consist of files, records , while RDBMS consist of relations, tables, tuples
6. DBMS -allow one user access at a time, while RDBMS allow multiple user simulations

Access/ SQL Server

1. Access follows file sharing architecture and network trafic is high, while SQL server follows client server architecture and network trafic is low- scalability and reliability
2. Access- is not relieable . It directly interact with access file, if in middle transaction fails then not recovered, while SQL server is reliable, transaction is recovered
3. When it comes to cost and support access is better than SQL. In case of SQL server you have to pay for per client licence, but for access runtime is free.
4. When your application has to cater to huge load demand, highly transactional environment and high concerrency then its better to use SQL.

Difference between store procedure and Function

Function

1. Should return at least one output parameter, it can return more than one parameter using OUT argument
2. Parsed and compiled at runtime
3. Cannot affect the state of database
4. Can be invoked from SQL statement eg. SELECT fnname()
5. functions are mainly used to compute values

Procedure

1. Doesnot return value but can return value (by OUT parameter)
2. Stored as Psedo-code in database i.e complied form
3. Can affect the state of database using committ etc
4. Cannot be invoked from SQL statement ex. SELECT
5. procedures are mainly used to process the task

Difference between Delete and Truncate and count

Difference between Delete and Truncate
if we use truncate table then we can reuse storage. all memory is free for other operation not wait for any cleanup operation in truncate while in delete the memory is not available for further use.

Difference between count() and count(*)
In count(*) include duplicate null values while in count() not include null value

Difference Between Test Strategy and Test Plan

@Readers,

Here, would like to add some Difference between Test Strategy and Test Plan.

1. Test strategy defines "what is our approach to test that product/Project" where as the test plan defines "what to test, how to test when to test and who to test".

2. Test strategy is a company level document where as test plan is a project level document.

Hope, this will help you.
Thanks,
Trupti

Difference between Action & Function, Analog Recording & Low level Recording,Mandatory & Assistive properties in QTP

Difference between Action and Function

Functions give only one output value 

Action gives more output values but functions are very consistency than actions

Difference between Analog Recording and Low level Recording

Analog recording is done when context recording is failed (when recording includes diagrams, or signature which are non-standard objects).In case of low-level recording we can it can record both standard and non-standard objects

Analog recording is done when we have to capture the Exact movement of mouse or it is required to test a page with respect to the full screen low level recording is usually carried out when qtp does notrecognise the object

Difference between Mandatorily properties and Assistive properties

Mandatory properties identify the objects in at a time same like working in assistive properties one main difference is mandatory properties is stored the data in object repository with showing the property list and values, but assistive property stored the data in secret place.

Difference between Wait and Synchronization in QTP

Hey folks,

Common difference between Wait and Synchronization, I try to describe here. If any more you found  add in comment, so I can also learn something new.

Wait (20)

Wait statements instruct QuickTest to wait a specified amount of time before proceeding to the next step.

At same place if you’re giving synchronization point and mention 20 seconds to wait and that wait is not mandatory. Whenever the given condition becomes true below 20 seconds

then QTP immediately goes to the next step without wait for 20 seconds.

'Writing own synchronization Point

Timeout=100

For Time=1 to Timeout

       Propval=window("Flight Reservation").WinButton("Delete Order").GetROProperty("enabled")

          If Propval=true Then

                   Exit for

          else

                   wait(1)

          End If

Next

Sync method is only available for Web.

About Scripts

Scripting Language

A scripting language is a particular syntax used to execute commands on a computer. A program composed of commands from a particular scripting language is referred to as script.

Difference between Client Side Scripting & Server Side scripting

Client side Scripting

1. Client side scripting is programmatic code in an HTML file that runs on the browser.
2. Client side scripting is commonly written using java script language.
3. A client side script is not processed at all by the web server, only by the client. It is the client’s responsibility to execute any and all client side scripts.

Server Side Scripting

1. Server side scripts are scripts that execute on the web server. These scripts are processed and their output is sent to the client.
2. The client does not receive any code from server side scripts; rather the client receives just the output of the server side scripts. Client side scripts and server side scripts cannot interact with one another because the client side scripts are executed on the client after the server side scripts have finished processing completely.
3. Vbscript is example of server side script

Difference between Java script and VB Script

Javascript -

1. It is client side scripting language, developed by Netscape.
2. It is case sensitive.
3. File extension is .js.

VBscript -

1. It is both Client and server side scripting language,developed by Microsoft.
2. It is not case sensitive.
3. File extension is .vbs and .vba.

Difference between Automation Testing & Manual Testing

Hey folks,

I tried to write difference between automation and manual testing. If anyone fine any new, then wrote comments so all can get it from once place.

Automation Testing:

• Repetitive work is reduced (e.g., running regression tests, re-entering the same test data, and checking against coding standards)
• Greater consistency and repeatability (e.g., tests executed by a tool in the same order with the same frequency, and tests derived from requirements)
• Tools should have compatibility with our development or deployment
• If requirement change continuously then not suitable
• Automated tools are not OS compatible, require huge space on hard disk, ex. quality centre.
• Underestimating the time, cost and effort for the initial introduction of a tool (including training and external expertise)
• Fast,Reliable,Program reuse,Flexible
• Objective assessment (e.g., static measures, coverage)
• Ease of access to information about tests or testing (e.g., statistics and graphs about testprogress, incident rates and performance)
• Underestimating the time and effort needed to achieve significant and continuing benefits from the tool (including the need for changes in the testing process and continuous improvement of the way the tool is used)
• Underestimating the effort required to maintain the test assets generated by the tool
• Poor response from vendor for support, upgrades, and defect fixes
• Unforeseen, such as the inability to support a new platform
• Risk of suspension of open-source / free tool project

Manual Testing:

• Need lots of time
• We cannot do some kind of testing manually like performance and load testing
• It is suitable if requirement change continuously.
• Not easy to manage and track of work

Difference between TCP and UDP

Difference between TCP and UDP

There are two types of internet protocol (IP) traffic, and both have very different uses.

1. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol). TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, a connection can be made from client to server, and from then on any data can be sent along that connection.

•  Reliable - when you send a message along a TCP socket, you know it will get there unless the connection fails completely. If it gets lost along the way, the server will re-request the lost part. This means complete integrity, things don't get corrupted.
• Ordered - if you send two messages along a connection, one after the other, you know the first message will get there first. You don't have to worry about data arriving in the wrong order.
• Heavyweight - when the low level parts of the TCP "stream" arrive in the wrong order, resend requests have to be sent, and all the out of sequence parts have to be put back together, so requires a bit of work to piece together.
• Streaming: Data is read as a "stream," with nothing distinguishing where one packet ends and another begins. There may be multiple packets per read call.
• Examples: World Wide Web (Apache TCP port 80), e-mail (SMTP TCP port 25 Postfix MTA), File Transfer Protocol (FTP port 21) and Secure Shell (OpenSSH port 22) etc.

2.  UDP(User Datagram Protocol). A simpler message-based connectionless protocol. With UDP you send messages (packets) across the network in chunks.

• Unreliable - When you send a message, you don't know if it'll get there, it could get lost on the way.
• Not ordered - If you send two messages out, you don't know what order they'll arrive in.
• Lightweight - No ordering of messages, no tracking connections, etc. It's just fire and forget! This means it's a lot quicker, and the network card / OS have to do very little work to translate the data back from the packets.
• Datagrams: Packets are sent individually and are guaranteed to be whole if they arrive. One packet per one read call.
• Examples: Domain Name System (DNS UDP port 53), streaming media applications such as IPTV or movies, Voice over IP (VoIP), Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) and online multiplayer games etc

Reference: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/key-differences-between-tcp-and-udp-protocols/

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

Quality Assurance

All the planned and systematic set of activities (facilitation, training, measurement and analysis) implemented within the quality system to provide:

• Confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards
• Meet user needs
• Conform to specified requirements

Quality Control

The process by which product quality is compared with applicable standards, and the action taken when nonconformance is detected.

• Its focus is defect detection and removal.
• The performance of these tasks is the responsibility of the people working within the process.

Quality Control Vs Quality Assurance

Quality Control is directed toward detecting and correcting defects. 

Quality Assurance is directed toward preventing defects from occurring

QA is QC over OC

	Quality Control	Quality Assurance
Definition	QC is checking at the end of some development process (e.g.- a design activity ) that we have built quality in	QA is having an overall development and management process that provides right environment for ensuring quality of final product.
Description	QC is like testing a module against RS or design document , measuring response time and throughput	QA is checking that a process is properly planned and executed and thus maintaining high quality.
What it does	It is oriented towards ‘detection and correction’.	It is oriented towards 'prevention’
Stages	Define features and levels Define feature check procedure Carrying out the check procedure Record the result take and record any corrective action taken.	Determination of quality policy through Quality Management System Checking that predetermined QC activities are being properly taken care of.
Best carried out  on	Products	Processes
Phase of Implementation	QC depends on SDLC model. E.g. QC is done in Testing phase of waterfall model	QA does not dependent on SDLC model
Technique	Structured walkthrough and Functional Testing	Quality policy defined and generally implemented in the form of Quality Management System is used to carry out QA.